JADE CULTURE OF CHINA REMOTE ANTIQUITY A SOURCE OF CHINA COMITY AND CONFUCIANISM

 Summary:TsingHua

Chinese jade culture is rich in content and renowned both at home and a broad. A depth study of its evolvement track and correlative social and cultural system is significant to promote jade culture development.Through textual research and analysis of the unearthed relic and historic literature,expounded the spectacularity of before century jade culture, origin of comoty civilization and the evolvement from witch to Confucianism of the religion activities during Xia and Shang dynasty. It is believed that Chinese jade culture experienced a process of theorization and standardization, finally forming an integrated special cultural system, lead by witch toward the kingdom of Confucianism, becoming part of the ruling theory. The reason why jade culture theory could become state ruling theory was further demonstrated through the analysis of jade's function in Zhou 's comity which followed Yin and Shang's comity culture. In the end it is concluded that Chinese comity and Confucianism is origin in Chinese remote antiquity jade culture through the analysis of regulations of jade use in Shanli (three etiquettes).
JADE CULTURE OF CHINA REMOTE ANTIQUITY A SOURCE OF CHINA COMITY AND CONFUCIANISM Originally published in Shvoong: http://www.shvoong.com/humanities/1606399-jade-culture-china-remote-antiquity/

THE CULTURAL TOURISM IN BEIJING:STATUS QUO·DIFFICULTY·STRATEGY

Review:TsingHua

Cultural tourism is a core product of tourism industry in Beijing. Beijing is the best area rich of six world culture heritages, such as the Great Wall, the Forbidden City, the Summer Palace, the Heaven Temple, Beijing Ape-man Relics in Zhoukoudian, the Ming Tombs. However, the studies on how t o improve Beijing tourism development through the angle of Culture tourism are rarely seen, as well as the studies on how to satisfy the needs of culture tourists. Based on the culture tourism definition given by the World Tourism Organization and the researches on European culture tourism products and its development, the author classify the culture tourism products in Beijing, analyze their present conditions, and conclude the difficulties of developing Beijing tourism culture. Based on this, Six suggestions are put forward. Because of the abundance and best quality of cultural and historical relics in Beijing, the attraction of cultural tourism products is irreplaceable and thus it is easily to hold the market, but the system, management and service need to be improved. There are large quantities of museums of various kinds in Beijing, while they are not in top grade and their function as educational and culture-spreading base has to be enhanced because of the backward system and outmoded notion. Education tourism is a large potential market for Beijing, but it is not well developed yet.

Among those active culture tourism products, the regular theater performances are well developed for tourists, and the organic connection between culture, art and tourism is not established. More over, there is no one big theme park which with Chinese culture characteristics in Beijing. At last the author put forward six measures to improve the development of Beijing culture tourism. 1.To enhance the quality of all the heritages in its way of displaying. 2. To develop the folk customs, pay more attention to the folk festivals to increase the categories and attractions of cultures tourism product. 3. To search variety modes of managing on the culture tourism resources;4.To make a joint effort of scenic spot, hotel, travel agency, restaurant, transportation and business enterprises to build the culture tourism atmosphere. 5.To increase the scientific and technological elements in culture tourism development. 6. To make great efforts in marketing the image of Beijing culture tourism.


THE CULTURAL TOURISM IN BEIJING:STATUS QUO·DIFFICULTY·STRATEGY Originally published in Shvoong: http://www.shvoong.com/business-management/1597618-cultural-tourism-beijing-status-quo/

Pangong Tso- Biggest lake of Asia

Review:arvindkatoch

It is a lake situated far away in barren land in Ladakh. This lake is known for its calm, clear and unending expanse. It is the one of biggest lake in Asia. Its area falls under both India and China. One third of it is in India and remaining in China. It is 130 km long and 7 km wide. It is located on the Changtang plateau in eastern Ladakh, around 140 km South-east of Leh, at an altitude of over 14000 feet. Pangong Tso is also known as hollow lake. It is clear symbol of natures craftsmanship. Its brackish water plays with sun light to produce different colour effect. This area falls under army control and requires pass from deputy commissioner of Leh. To reach this lake one has to travel 30 km down the Manali-leh highway to reach karu. From where the road splits, one goes to Manali and one 113 km long to Pangong tso. After the verification of paper at karu, one moves ahead through a green lush valley. This is very uncommon to see a green valley at this height. There are total five army check posts are on the road to Pangong Tso. The second check post is at Zingral (15,500 ft). Here army keeps a copy of the permit. This is rocky area and porn for land slide. This rocky terrain takes us to Chang La (at 17,350 ft), the third-highest motor able pass in the world. A traces of snow along the road welcome us. One crosses the valley on the sinking road. The mountains appeared to be painted in hue of green, violet and brown. A school of mountaineering is situated here, which imparts training in various degree of rock climbing Soon we found our self in pasture which is filled with yaks, mountain cows. The rocky mountain changes into sandy area. The road is full of causeway due water on the road.

Pangong appears suddenly while passing through this area. Just two km short of lake one passes through the gravelly terrain, which is open on the left side. One can see the tale of Pangong from here. The first sight of blue water of lake is refreshing. After crossing Lukung, the lake emerges out of its veil in right. This land lock lake stretches through the whole length of Ruthog region towards neighboring Chushul. Stretched towards indo-china border, it enters into china. Tourists are allowed to go up to Spangmik, a hamlet around 8 km from Lukung, inhabited by Khampa tribe. Most of the fresh water inlets that feed the lake are in Tibet. It is 100 metres deep at certain places. The sun plays a unique role in displaying the different colours in lake. Its crystal clear water plays with sun light to display the bands of blue, green, purple, violet, orange and red on the surface, like a rainbow. This present’s a very beautiful seeing. The lake looks like canvas painted in the different colours of nature. With no outlet, Lake Basin has deposited wealth of mineral, by the melting of snow. The lake is home to a wide range of fauna ranging from migratory birds to mammals of various species. The black-necked Siberian crane, bar-headed geese and waterfowl can be spotted at the lake. One can stay here in tents and enjoy the silence of water. www.geocities.com/arvindkatoch1
Pangong Tso- Biggest lake of Asia Originally published in Shvoong: http://www.shvoong.com/f/travel/websites-online-communities/25781-pangong-tso-biggest-lake-asia/

On the Ethical Features of China's Traditional Tourism

Review:TsingHua

AbstractThrough the study of Chinese and foreign historical documents,the author finds out that traditionally there exists different understanding of the concept of tourism between China and western countries.China's various traditional concept of tourism largely involves the sense of ethical
relations.It reflects that the Chinese society pays attention to different strata and worships
virtue.It also reflects the arduous seeking of China's tourists for group(religion) ethical relation,
whereas the concept of tourism in the western countries is mainly defined by ways of tourism
and has no relation with the social strata of the tourists,nor does it involve any ethical
evaluation of the tourist activities.Compared with the western tourists who lay stress on
seeking for authenticity when going out for trips,the Chinese ancient tourists tend to seek for
benevolence .They have a strong tendency of chasing virtue .First they endow waters and
mountains with virtuous personality,and then gain virtuous enlightenment through touring
waters and mountains.The article points out that compared with the ancient western tourism that
lays stress on seeking for adventure and authenticity and the modern tourism that lays
emphasis on leisure and aesthetic perception, the ethical features of seeking for benevolence
in China's ancient tourism seems all the more unique.
On the Ethical Features of China's Traditional Tourism Originally published in Shvoong: http://www.shvoong.com/business-management/1600272-ethical-features-china-traditional-tourism/

the great wall of china

Review:paluri

The Great Wall of China
The Great Wall of China, one of the greatest wonders of the world, was enlisted in the World heritage by UNESCO in 1987. Just like a gigantic dragon, the Great Wall winds up and down across deserts, grasslands, mountains and plateaus stretching approximately 6,700 kilometers (4,163 miles )
from east to west of China. With a history of more than 2000 years, some of the section of the great wall are now in ruins or even entirely disappeared. However, it is still one of the most appealing attractions all around the world owing to its architectural grandeur and historical significance. Excitement abounds in the origin, vicissitude and nature of the great wall of the Qin, Han, and Ming
dynasties. The Great Wall was originally built in the Spring, Autumn, and Warring States Periods as a defensive fortification by the three states: Yan, Zhao and Qin. The Great Wall went through constant extensions and repairs in later dynasties. In fact, it began as independent walls for different states when it was first built, and did not become the "Great" wall until the Qin Dynasty. Emperor Qin
Shihuang succeeded in his effort to have the walls joined together to fend off the invasions from the Huns in the north after the unification of China. Since then, the Great Wall has served as a monument of the Chinese nation throughout history. A visit to the Great Wall is like a tour through the history backwards; it brings tourists great excitement in each step of the wall.   The mystery of the construction of the wall is amazing. The construction of the Great Wall, drew heavily on the local
resources for construction materials, was carried out in line with the local conditions under the management of contract and responsibility system. A great army of manpower, composed of soldiers, prisoners, and local people, built the wall. The construction result demonstrates the manifestation of the wisdom and tenacity of the Chinese people Ready to show you an incredible diversity of scenery and ethnic people along its way. The Great Wall as we see today was mostly built during the Ming Dynasty. It starts from Shanhaiguan Pass in the east to Jiayuguan Pass in the west traversing provinces of Liaoning, Hebei, Beijing, Tianjin, Shanxi, Inner Mongolia, Ningxia, Shaanxi and Gansu
The China Great Wall Academy has called for greater protection of this important relic.
Following a forty-five day long survey of 101 sections of the Wall in different provinces, the China Great Wall Academy reported on December 12, 2002 that the forces of nature and destruction at the hand of mankind are bringing about the gradual reduction of its extent with the result that less than 30% remains in good condition. The Academy has called for greater protection of this important relic.   Unfolding a considerable part of Chinese culture beyond the wall. The Great Wall has long
been incorporated into Chinese mythology and popular symbolism. The most beautiful of several legends is about the collapse of a section of the Great Wall caused by Meng Jiangnu, who cried bitterly over the death of her husband in the construction of the Great Wall. This legend has been
spread widely through textbooks, folk songs and traditional operas. It is well-known in ChinaElaborate tour plans make travel comfortable, memorable, enjoyable and informative.
If you prefer to see the wall in a relatively natural state, visit Simatai, 110km north-east of Beijing. This part of the Wall is the best choice, for it is still in its original state without being developed
into a popular tourist attraction due to its distance and little public transportation options.  .
the great wall of china Originally published in Shvoong: http://www.shvoong.com/f/books/35289-great-wall-china/

The Lake of the Sisters and the Three Brothers, taiwan

Review:Kaaash
Mount Ali is located in central Taiwan. It is well known for its beautiful sunrise, seas of clouds, and huge redwoods. As a matter of fact, the Lake of the Sisters on Mount Ali is also a beautiful sight to see. Sometimes the clear lake water is like a mirror reflecting the bright sunshine while other times the lake surface embraces a layer of thin fog like a sheet of white veil.
There is a heartwarming legend about the Lake of the Sisters, which consists of two lakes, one larger than the other.
Once upon a time, only native Polynesians lived on Mount Ali. One tribal chief of these natives had two beautiful daughters. The elder one was called Awana and the younger one, Awacha. They liked to sing and dance. Especially when it came to nights of full moons, they always invited other young girls of the same age with them to go to the woods to sing and dance on the natural turf there. They looked very much like little lovely fairies.
Almost all native people living on Mount Ali were peaceful except one tribe''s chief named Mogulu. He was vicious and cruel and often took advantage of others. Since he was strong capable of killing a wild pig and a panther by himself, everybody, though disliking him, was afraid of him. People nicknamed him the Bear of Mount Ali.
Once Mogulu went hunting with two of his subordinates. They heard some bright singing in the woods. Following the sounds, they came upon Awana and Awacha with a group of young girls happily singing and dancing swiftly on the grass.
Mogulu said loudly to his subordinates, " They are really not bad-looking! "
Upon hearing his voice, all the girls stopped and stared angrily at Mogulu. "Ha! ha! ha!," Mogulu laughed very loudly. "Continue your singing and dancing. I am the Bear of Mount Ali. It is your luck to play in front of me! "
Upon hearing his nickname, the group of girls was frightened and ran away quickly. Only Awana and Awacha stayed.
Awana said in a huff, "How can you be so rude ? You think you can insult others without good reason just because of your strength? "
Awacha followed, " Can you be a hero by insulting girls? If you always behave like this, God will punish you."
Mogulu frowned and yelled flagitiously, "Shut up! How dare you speak to me like that!"
One of his subordinates whispered to him, "Chief, they are the most beautiful girls on Mount Ali. Why don''t you take them home as your concubines?"
Mogulu nodded, "Yes, not a bad idea! Each one of you grab one. Let''s go!"
The sisters were mad. Their faces were flushed. They struggled but were unable to loosen themselves from the strong hold of the two big men. Mogulu laughed.
Suddenly there came a shout, "Leave them alone!"
Two young men appeared from behind a tree. One of them said to Mogulu without the slightest fear, "Even though we two brothers are unable to match you, we cannot let you take these girls. We believe that the Mountain God will help us. "
Mogulu said contemptuously, "You will die before the Mountain God shows up. He cannot help you."
Suddenly a flash of light came down from the sky. The clear sky became dark. The ear shocking thunder scared Mogulu. One of his subordinates said to him with a trembling voice, "Chief, is the Mountain God angry?"
Mogulu was stunned but pretended to be undaunted. In a moment, however, he and his subordinates ran away timorously.
Once they ran away, the sky cleared up. The two sisters and the two brothers sang and danced happily in the woods. They forgot about their earlier incident with Mogulu.
A few days later, Mogulu was dissatisfied. He sent a messenger to notify the two sisters'' father, "I order you to send your two daughters to become my wives within three days. Otherwise, I''ll burn down your tribe and kill all your people."
This message spread across the tribe very quickly. Everybody was worried and fearful of the consequence. They did not like to sacrifice the two beautiful and tender sisters to Mogulu, but they were also afraid ofus and cruel behavior.
Three days passed. On the night of the third day, Awana and Awacha left the tribe quietly and walked the passage between the two tribes. They knelt down and prayed respectfully to the Mountain God. "Kindly God, please protect our tribe. Do not let Mogulu hurt anybody. If we have to suffer, let us two sisters take the responsibility!"

They prayed continuously and cried constantly. The tears wetted their clothes and the grass. It was near dawn when the first rays of sun came through the trees. Suddenly lighting flashed, followed by deafening thunder.
The Mountain God transformed Awana and Awacha into two lakes, one larger than the other, which were connected together. This cut off the passage between the two tribes.
The sun rose higher and the lake waters became so bright that they looked like two big mirrors. The water flickered like two sisters blinking their beautiful eyes.
Before long, Mogulu and a group of assistants, all carrying either knives or bows and arrows, came to the lake side.
"It''s strange! Where did these two lakes come from? They were not here three days ago!"
Mogulu and his men were puzzled and conferred with each other when the two sisters suddenly emerged from the water''s surface. The mountain breeze swung their black hair and red clothes while the water reflected the woods as well as their lovely figures. The elder sister said to Mogulu with a clear voice, "Mogulu, you have done too many bad things. If you do not repent and make a change, the Mountain God will punish you and disaster will fall upon you!"
Mogulu laughed loudly, "I am the great Bear of Mount Ali. What can the Mountain God do to me! You two come with me quickly."
The younger sister said angrily, "My sister, he does not repent and will not change. It is useless to advise him. Let the Mountain God punish him."
After this, the two sisters, holding their hands together, vanished into the water.
Mogulu shouted, "Do not escape!" and jumped promptly into the water in an attempt to catch them. As soon as he was in the water, a dark cloud appeared and blocked out the sky above the lakes. All of a sudden, lighting flashed, thunder roared, rain poured, and a gusty wind ripped across the land.
Mogulu struggled in the water blindly. He was trying to swim desperately in the sea, with no land in sight.
He continued to swim, swim, swim.. At last, he became frightened and desperately floundered in all directions. But no matter where he turned, he could see neither the two sisters nor the shore. Finally loosing all his strength, he drowned in the lake.
All his men were scared and ran away. This news soon spread all over Mount Ali.
When night came that day, two figures came to the lake shore, murmuring the names of the two sisters. They were the two young brothers who had rescued the sisters.
"The courageous Awana and Awacha, you must feel lonesome lying there. We will accompany you and stand by your sides.
For three days and three nights, they stood there. This sincerity touched the Mountain God. He transformed the two brothers into two big trees with their branches tied together. They stood there forever to accompany the Lake Sisters.
Since then, it is said that on nights of a full moon, the two sisters emerge from the lake water and walk to the land. They sing and dance around the Tree Brothers.
Under the bright moon and by the side of the lake, their dancing figures mix with their singing to enhance the charm and mystery of the Lake of the Sisters on Mount Ali.
The Lake of the Sisters and the Three Brothers Originally published in Shvoong: http://www.shvoong.com/f/books/mythology-ancient-literature/1643168-lake-sisters-brothers/